Brassinosteroids
Family of plant-derived polyhydroxylated steroidal compounds with important functions in plant development and responses to environmental changes. Have been shown to act as both positive and negative players in immunity.
Gibberellins
Large family of tetracyclic diterpenoid hormones that aid in the regulation of both plant growth and immune responses.
Click on the acronym to learn how that hormone is affected by various pathogens
Abscisic Acid
Plant hormone associated with responses to abiotic stresses, especially drought and salinity. Recent discoveries of role in defense response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
Auxin
Most often associated with cell expansion and growth-promoting processes, which include activation and control of plant meristems. In immunity, has been shown to increase susceptibility to pathogens.
Salicylic Acid
Phenolic compound most recognized as an endogenous signaling molecule in biotrophic pathogen defense response. Also involved in germination, flowering, mitochondrial electron transport and abiotic stress resistance.
Jasmonic Acid
Lipid-derived signaling molecule involved in various developmental and defense processes typically against necrotrophic pathogen and herbivores.
Cytokinin
Well-known for role in regulating cell division, meristem function, chloroplast development, senescence and sink-source relationships. Recent role in immunity specifically in relation to biotrophic pathogens.
Ethylene
Gaseous plant hormone considered an important component of the immune response of plants to pathogens. Well-known for being synergistic with Jasmonic Acid (JA) in defense responses.
MAJOR CLASSES OF PLANT HORMONES
TARGETED BY PATHOGEN MANIPULATION
Strigolactones
Are a group of structurally diverse plant compounds that are important for development, growth, and plant-microbe interactions. Many of the strigolactones vary in chemical structures, although they have similar bioactive properties.
